Tag END Inspector

In industrial inspection, fluorescence in non-destructive testing (END) is a technology that significantly enhances sensitivity and visual accuracy.

Applied in methods such as Liquid Penetrant (LP), Magnetic Particle (MP), and Leak Detection (DV), this technique allows for the identification of minute discontinuities and micro-leaks invisible to the naked eye. The result is greater safety, reliability, and operational performance.

What is fluorescence?

Fluorescence is an optical phenomenon in which certain substances absorb energy from ultraviolet (UV-A) light and re-emit it in the form of visible light .
In non-destructive testing (END), this physical principle is used to enhance the contrast of indications on metallic and non-metallic parts, facilitating the identification of surface or subsurface defects .

When UV-A light (365 nm) strikes the inspected material, the fluorescent particles or dyes react by emitting intense light—typically in shades of green, yellow, or orange. This makes discontinuities clearly visible, even in hard-to-reach areas.
The result is a highly sensitive, precise, and visually clear test that allows for quick and reliable decisions.

Applications of fluorescence in END methods

1. Liquid Penetrant Testing (LP)

The LP fluorescent (Type I) method is indicated for detecting surface-open discontinuities, such as cracks, pores, lack of fusion, and other defects that may compromise the integrity of a component.

After cleaning and applying the penetrant, the excess is removed and the developer is applied. Under UV-A light, the remaining liquid in the discontinuities emits intense fluorescence, clearly revealing the indications.

Among the main advantages is its versatility of application.
The method can be used on metallic and non-metallic materials, whether magnetic or non-magnetic, such as aluminum, magnesium, austenitic stainless steels, and titanium.
It can also be applied to ceramics, glass, and some types of plastics, provided they are non-porous materials.

Metal-Chek Products:

• FP-91 and FP-91 HI – Water-washable penetrants, Type I – Method A, Level 2, ideal for inspections requiring greater sensitivity.

Compatible with D70, D72 and D702 developers.

2. Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT)

In ferromagnetic materials, fluorescence enhances the detection of surface and subsurface discontinuities. Fluorescent magnetic particles
accumulate in regions where the magnetic field escapes, forming visible indications under UV-A light. For magnetic particle testing to be effective, it is essential that the part be magnetized. The application of a magnetic field —circular, longitudinal, or combined—creates magnetic flux lines in the material.

Metal-Chek offers the Supermagna Yoke HMM6, an alternating current (AC) electromagnetic yoke developed for visible and fluorescent testing. The equipment provides a stable magnetic field and high mobility, making it widely used in industrial, petrochemical, and predictive maintenance inspections.

Metal-Chek Products:

• Supermagna LY 800 – High-sensitivity fluorescent dry-process magnetic particle.
• Supermagna LY 2000, LY 2000 V, LY 3000 and LY 3000 V – Wet-applied fluorescent magnetic powder particles, applicable with OMC 10 MMS (oil) or BC 502 SN + water vehicles.
• Supermagna CLY 2000 VO MMS BP / CLY 3000 O MMS BP / VO MMS BP – Ready-to-use wet (oil) baths with high mobility and contrast.
• Supermagna DLY 2000 – Water-dispersible wet magnetic particle.
• Supermagna CRL 265 AG/SN – Dual concentrate (fluorescent/visible), applicable under visible (white) or UV-A light in environments up to 1000 lx.

3. Leak Detection (Leak Testing)

In leak tests, fluorescent additives allow visualization of micro-leaks in hydraulic, pneumatic, and lubrication systems.
Under UV-A light, even the smallest leaks become visible, enabling immediate repairs and preventing critical failures.

Metal-Chek Products:

• Oil-Glo Ultra SPI Series
  • SPI-OGG (Green) , SPI-OGB (Blue) and SPI-OGW (White) — Fluorescent detectors for oily fluids.
  • Non-flammable, they do not alter the properties of fluids and are NSF certified .
• Water-Glo Ultra SPI Series – Green (WGG) and blue (WGB) fluorescent dyes for aqueous systems.

UV-A Lighting Equipment

For fluorescent testing, it is essential to use UV-A (365 nm) light sources with a minimum intensity of 1000 µW/cm² on the surface being examined, in accordance with END technical standards.
This intensity ensures adequate contrast and accurate reading of the indications.

Benefits of fluorescence in END

The correct application of fluorescence brings significant technical advantages:

• High visual sensitivity , revealing minute discontinuities.
• Greater contrast and clarity of the indications.
• Safe and versatile application in different methods and materials.
• Technical compliance with national and international standards.
• Reduction of rework and operational errors.

Furthermore, fluorescence improves the reliability of results and strengthens quality control in critical inspections.

Fluorescence in non-destructive testing is an essential technology that raises the standard of precision, safety, and reliability in industrial inspections.
By applying this technique in liquid penetrant testing (LP), mechanical testing (PM), and visual diffusion (DV), enhanced visualization, high sensitivity, and immediate results are obtained, reducing failures and ensuring operational reliability.

With the complete Metal-Chek product line — which includes penetrants and fluorescent particles, leak detection additives, magnetization equipment, and UV-A illumination — your industrial inspection reaches new levels of quality and technical compliance.

See beyond the visible — Metal-Chek fluorescent technology.
Solutions for Non-Destructive Testing.

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In Magnetic Particle (MP) testing, the correct contrast between the surface and the magnetic particles is what guarantees the visibility of the indications and the accuracy of the results.
More than just a product, the Supermagna Contrast 104 Metal-Chek in Magnetic Particle Testing represents the practical application of the contrast concept in visible inspections, meeting the requirements of ASTM E709, NM 342 and PETROBRAS N-1598 standards.

Function of Supermagna Contrast 104 in Magnetic Particle Testing

The Supermagna Contrast 104 in Magnetic Particle Testing functions to create a uniform white background on the surface of the part or inspection area, upon which colored magnetic particles (visible method, usually black or red) accumulate, making indications of discontinuities more visible under ambient light. The uniform white background increases the visual difference between the part and the particles accumulated over possible surface discontinuities.

Without adequate contrast, subtle indications may go unnoticed, reducing the sensitivity of the assay and compromising the reliability of the results.

In summary, the Supermagna Contrast 104:

• It forms a highly reflective white background , ideal for visible testing;
• It increases the optical contrast between the surface and magnetic particles;
• It facilitates the visual interpretation of the instructions by the inspector;
• It directly contributes to the reproducibility and standardization of PM tests.

When to use Supermagna Contrast 104

Supermagna Contrast 104 is indicated for colored magnetic particle testing (visible method), conducted under visible illumination with a minimum intensity of 1076 lux, as established by ASTM E709, NM 342 and PETROBRAS N-1598 standards.

Precautions when applying and removing

In order to guarantee optimal performance and avoid interference with the result, it is recommended:

1. Surface preparation

The area to be inspected must be dry, clean, and free of oil, grease, paint, or mill scale. Prior cleaning with E59 Metal-Chek
is recommended, ensuring a perfectly prepared surface to receive Supermagna Contrast 104.

2. Uniform application

Supermagna Contrast 104 should be applied in a thin, even layer, avoiding excess.
Very thick layers compromise the sensitivity of the assay.

3. Drying

Allow to dry completely before applying the magnetic particles.
The surface should have a uniform, matte, and non-reflective appearance.

4. Removal

After testing, Supermagna Contrast 104 can be removed with a remover such as E59 or TMC 10 Metal-Chek, ensuring thorough cleaning without damaging the surface.

Why choose the Supermagna Contrast 104 Metal-Chek?

The Supermagna Contrast 104 Metal-Chek was developed for professionals seeking precision and performance in magnetic particle testing.

Main benefits:

• High coverage and quick drying , optimizing inspection time;
• An adherent and uniform layer , respecting the thickness limits;
• Intense optical contrast that highlights even the smallest details;
• Compatible with Supermagna BW 333, RW 222, SBW 333/O, SRW 222/O and YD 404 colored magnetic particles.

Technical notice

This content is for educational purposes only. The application of the test methods and parameters must follow a qualified procedure approved by a Level 3 Inspector.

Metal-Chek Excellence

The Supermagna Contrast 104 is more than just a support product:
it is an essential technical element to guarantee quality, sensitivity, and safety in visible magnetic particle testing.

Using the Supermagna Contrast 104 Metal-Chek means investing in standard, precision and reliability, fundamental pillars for those seeking excellence in Non-Destructive Testing.

“Precision is visibility — ensure reliable results with the Supermagna Contrast 104 Metal-Chek.”

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Understand how the pear-shaped decanting tube contributes to the precision and reproducibility in controlling the concentration of magnetic particles (MP), in accordance with applicable technical standards.

The role of the per a type decanting tube

Magnetic particle testing (MPT) is widely used to detect surface and subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials. In wet
testing, the appropriate concentration of magnetic particles in the bath is crucial for the sensitivity and repeatability of the results.

One technical detail makes all the difference: the use of the “pear” type decanting tube, an essential accessory for measuring the bath concentration with precision, speed, and traceability.

Supermagna Pear-Type Decanter Tube: what it is and how it works

The Supermagna Pear-shaped Decanter Tube is an auxiliary accessory used to determine the quantity of magnetic particles per volume of fluid in the suspension used in wet dispersion testing. With a graduated scale, it allows for the reading of the volume of particles settled after a period of rest.

There are two main models, developed according to the type of particle:

• Supermagna Decanting Tube with a 0.1 ml scale (fine scale): suitable for colored particles ;
• Supermagna Decanting Tube with a full scale of 0.05 ml (most sensitive scale):suitable forfluorescent particles.

Main applications:

• Verification of the correct concentration of the magnetic particle bath before performing the test;
• Assessment of contamination levels in the bath during use.

Why concentration control is essential

With continuous use, the magnetic particle bath can undergo changes that directly compromise the reliability of the results. Among the main causes are:

• Evaporation of the liquid phase;
• Natural settling of particles;
• Contamination by oil, dirt, or metallic residue.

These variations can affect the sensitivity of the assay:

• Excess particles : generate false readings and increase background noise;
• Low concentration : reduces visibility and makes it difficult to detect actual discontinuities.

In addition to proper control, the quality of the magnetic particles used is a determining factor in the test’s performance.

Metal-Chek magnetic particles are developed with specific formulations to meet regulatory requirements.

How to properly use the Supermagna Pear-shaped Decanter Tube

The use of the Supermagna pear-shaped decanter tube
must follow the specific instructions for each product and vehicle, in addition to the guidelines of the qualified test procedure. Generally, the process involves agitating the suspension for homogenization, filling the tube to the indicated volume, and allowing it to stand for a sufficient time for the particles to settle by gravity.

After the defined period, the decanted volume is read, observing the interface between the fluid and the particles.
The reading must be performed according to the type of particle used:
– For colored particles, visible light should be used to provide good visibility of the separation line between the fluid and the particles.
– For fluorescent particles, the reading requires the use of ultraviolet (UV-A) light, in a darkened environment, according to the requirements established by applicable standards.

The results obtained serve as a comparison with the reference values ​​indicated by the manufacturer of the magnetic particles or according to the technical procedure approved by a Level 3 Inspector, ensuring that the concentration control is in accordance with the established practices for the test.

Normative references

Concentration control with the Supermagna pear-shaped decanter tube is supported by the main international and national standards applicable to magnetic particle testing, such as:

• ASTM E709 – Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
• NM 342 – Non-Destructive Testing — Magnetic Particles — Discontinuity Detection
• PETROBRAS N-1598 – Magnetic Particle Testing
• ASME Section V, Article 7 – Magnetic Particle Examination

Good practices and frequency of control

To maintain suspension stability, it is recommended to:

• Perform concentration checks daily (or before each inspection shift);
• Record the results in spreadsheets or quality control forms;
• Renew the bath whenever there is visible contamination, foam, or variation outside the defined limits ;
• Periodically check the physical condition of the settling tube (cracks, dirt, or illegible scale).

These practices contribute to reproducibility in testing and reliability in results, in order to avoid rework and waste.

Technical notice

This content is for educational purposes only. The application of the test methods and parameters must follow a qualified procedure approved by a Level 3 Inspector.

Metal-Chek Excellence

Excellence in products for those seeking reliable results.
Metal-Chek provides complete solutions for Non-Destructive Testing (END) : magnetic particles, contrast dyes, yokes, accessories, and settling tubes — all developed according to the main ASTM , ASME , NM , and PETROBRAS standards.

Talk to our experts
and follow us on @metalchek

The importance of technical standards in Non-Destructive Testing

Non-destructive testing (END) is essential to ensure the integrity of equipment and components used in various industrial sectors.
Among the most widely used methods are liquid penetrant testing (LP) and magnetic particle testing (PM).

Both allow the identification of discontinuities that could compromise the safety and performance of metal structures, welds, shafts, or castings, etc.

To ensure the quality and standardization of results, there is a set of national and international technical standards that establish criteria for execution, materials, and test conditions.

Next, see what these rules are and what each one determines in summary.

Standards applicable to Penetrant Testing (PT)

ASTM E1417 – Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing

It is the main international standard for the Penetrant Testing method.
It defines the essential parameters for the safe and accurate execution of the test, including:

• Classification of penetrants (fluorescent and colored);
• removal methods (water washable, post-emulsifiable, solvent removable);
• lighting and sensitivity requirements;
• stages of the process, such as cleaning, penetration, and development.
• process controls.

ISO 3452 – Non-Destructive Testing – Penetrant Testing

The ISO 3452 series establishes international standards for materials and equipment.
Among its main topics are:

• Part 1: General principles;
• Part 2: Penetrant material requirements;
• Part 3: Reference blocks;
• Part 4: Equipment;
• Part 5: Requirements for liquid penetrant testing at temperatures above 50 °C.

NM 334 – Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Discontinuity detection

Mercosur standard that defines the main requirements for LP inspections in the national context, including:

• technical terminology and symbology;
• test stages (pre-cleaning, application, penetration, removal, development and evaluation);
• minimum lighting levels;

ASTM E165 – Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industr y

Standard that defines the general procedures and criteria for liquid penetrant testing (LP) in industrial applications.
Establishes requirements for:

• Classification of penetrants (fluorescent or colored);
• removal methods (water, solvent or post-emulsifiable);
• Control of lighting, temperature, and penetration time;
• Sensitivity testing and product quality control.

PETROBRAS N-1596

Define:

• test parameters and minimum/maximum process times;
• procedural requirements;
• lighting conditions;
• Product classification and traceability;
• Requirements for staff execution and qualification.

PETROBRAS N-2370

Provides:

• General guidelines for safety, documentation, and traceability;
• Penetrant testing.

ASME V – Art. 6

An integral part of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), it defines the requirements for penetrant testing applied to boilers, pressure vessels, and pressurized equipment.
It contains:

• Specifications for materials and equipment;
• sensitivity check of the test system;
• process control and inspection intervals;
• Acceptance according to manufacturing codes.

Standards applicable to Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT)

ASTM E709 – Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing

The principal international standard governing magnetic particle testing.
It establishes best practices and application guidelines for:

• Magnetization techniques (yoke, electrodes, coil, center conductor and direct contact);
• use of colored and fluorescent particles;
• Electrical current control and field direction;
• Verification of particle concentration and illumination (visible and UV).

ASTM E3024 – Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing for General Industry

It complements ASTM E709 and provides specific instructions for inspections in general industry.

NM 342 – Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particles — Discontinuity detection

It establishes technical parameters for conducting the test in accordance with international standards:

• Dry and wet application;
• characteristics of magnetic particles and liquid vehicles;
• Recommended concentration ranges for wet application (0.1 to 0.4 mL for fluorescent and 1.2 to 2.4 mL for colored);
• Light intensity control for visible and UV-A light.

ASTM E1444 – Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Aerospace

Specifically for the aeronautical and aerospace sector, it defines detailed practices for magnetic particle (PM) testing.
It establishes:

• requirements for magnetic materials and vehicles;
• concentration limits and bath control;
• UV-A and white light checks;
• Strict calibration and acceptance criteria.

PETROBRAS N-1598

It defines the criteria for performing the PM method on ferromagnetic materials.
It covers:

• magnetization techniques;
• UV lighting requirements and field strength;
• calibration procedures.

ASME V – Art. 7

Part of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, it defines the requirements for magnetic particle testing of pressurized equipment and welded components.
It covers:

• Types of electric current and magnetization techniques;
• magnetic field intensity control;
• detection methods;
• Acceptance and qualification criteria for the testing system.

ISO 9934 – Non-Destructive Testing – Magnetic Particle Testing

The ISO 9934 series establishes international standards for materials and equipment.
Among its main topics are:

• Part 1: General principles;
• Part 2: Detection method;
• Part 3: Equipment;

Importance of technical standards for the reliability of END (Non-Destructive Testing).

The standards governing liquid penetrant and magnetic particle methods are the technical basis that ensures reliability and regulation  of Non-Destructive Testing.
They guide everything from product development to practical application in the industrial environment, ensuring quality, safety, and standardization in every inspection.

Knowing these standards is essential for anyone working in quality control, maintenance, and inspection — whether in heavy industry, petrochemicals, aeronautics, or metallurgy.

Important notice:

This content is for educational purposes only. The application of the test methods and parameters must follow a qualified procedure approved by a Level 3 Inspector .

Solution in Non-Destructive Testing

Metal-Chek provides complete END solutions: penetrant liquids , magnetic particles , yoke and accessories , developed according to the main ASTM, ISO , ASME, NM, PETROBRAS standards, guaranteeing quality, safety and technical compliance in every inspection.

Discover the complete Metal-Chek product line.

Contact our team.

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Discover how the Metal-Chek Supermagna Yoke HMM6, SBW 333/O and 104 Contrast combination ensures faster, more accurate and safer magnetic particle inspections, in compliance with technical standards.

Why reliable inspection is vital in industry

In industry, reliability means economy and safety . After all, an unidentified surface discontinuity can compromise the operation of critical equipment, generate rework, unscheduled downtime, and even accidents.
Therefore , the application of Non-Destructive Testing (END) techniques is indispensable. Among the available methods, magnetic particle inspection (MPI) stands out for its high sensitivity to ferromagnetic materials.

However, simply having good equipment is not enough: it is also essential to have the right magnetic particles and an efficient contrast agent to guarantee consistent results.
This is precisely where Metal-Chek’s proposal comes in: the combination of the Supermagna Yoke HMM6, the SBW 333/O and the Contrast Agent 104. Together, these products form a complete system that ensures fast, accurate and safe inspections.

Supermagna Yoke HMM6: Power and Robustness in the Field

The Supermagna Yoke HMM6 is a portable electromagnetic device designed to generate the magnetic field (AC – Alternating Current) necessary for magnetic particle inspection using the yoke technique.
Furthermore, its robust construction makes it ideal for both field and factory use.

Main features:

• Portable and robust – ideal for field and factory inspections.
• With no current conduction through the part – magnetization is achieved by an magnetic field, ensuring greater safety.
• Applications – welding, metal structures, castings and forgings.
• Regulatory – complies with the main national and international standards. 

SBW 333/O: Visible Magnetic Particles in Oily Suspension

Magnetic particles are responsible for making visible the discontinuities present in the magnetized part.

SBW 333/O is an oil-based suspension for visible wet manifolds, formulated to offer high sensitivity and stability.

This ensures clear and consistent indications during the inspection process.

Highlights:

• Ready to use.
• Excellent visualization of discontinuities in finished products.
• High definition of indications under visible light, with excellent sensitivity.

Contrast 104: Enhanced Visibility

Contrast 104 creates a white background that enhances the indications of visible magnetic particles, ensuring maximum definition and reliability in inspection.

In other words, it improves the readability of the information and contributes to a more accurate interpretation.

Main functions:

• It increases the contrast between the particles and the surface.
• Increased sensitivity of the assay.
• Compliance with technical standards.

How the Supermagna Yoke HMM6 + SBW 333/O + Contrast 104 Combination Works

In a simple and efficient way, the process occurs in four stages:

1. Application of Contrast 104 – uniform white background on the area to be inspected.
2. Magnetization with the Supermagna Yoke HMM6 – generation of a magnetic field on the workpiece.
3. Application of SBW 333/O – visible oily suspension deposited on the magnetized surface.
4. Interpretation of results – particles accumulate in field escape regions, immediately revealing surface discontinuities.

Advantages of the Metal-Chek Combination

• High sensitivity – greater accuracy in detecting surface discontinuities.
• Operational speed – visible indicators at the time of inspection.
• Versatile application – sectors such as oil & gas, energy, metallurgy, automotive, naval and nuclear.

Furthermore, this combination reduces rework and increases the efficiency of inspection teams.

Technical Reference Standards

The combination of Supermagna Yoke HMM6 + SBW 333/O + Contrast 104 meets the requirements of international and national standards, such as:

• ASTM E709
• ASTM E3024
• ISO 9934 (1 and 2)
• NM 342
• ASME BPVC Section V, Article 7
• PETROBRAS N-1598

Why choose Metal-Chek?

Metal-Chek is a national leader in Non-Destructive Testing solutions , with products developed according to rigorous quality standards and tested in real industrial applications.

Therefore, by adopting the Supermagna Yoke HMM6 + SBW 333/O + Contrast 104 combination, your company gains in:

• Reliability of results.
• Speed ​​in execution and interpretation.
• Safety and operational efficiency.

Magnetic particle inspection is a well-established method among Non-Destructive Testing and remains essential for ensuring the integrity of metallic components and structures. Its effectiveness, however, depends directly on the quality of the equipment and products.

With the combination of the Supermagna Yoke HMM6, the SBW 333/O and the 104 Contrast, Metal-Chek delivers a complete solution for performing Non-Destructive Testing.

In this way, the inspection gains in reliability, speed, and operational safety.
This integration ensures:
• Reliability and accuracy in the results.
• Speed ​​in the execution and interpretation of the indications.
• Safety and efficiency in industrial operations.

If your company’s goal is to raise inspection standards and strengthen process reliability, count on Metal-Chek.

Metal-Chek – a leader in solutions for Non-Destructive Testing.

Speak with our experts and get your questions answered.

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In industrial maintenance, the efficiency of a solvent goes far beyond cleaning. E-59 is a clear example: developed as an aliphatic solvent, it plays a strategic role in both non-destructive testing (END) and heavy-duty cleaning of industrial components, especially in environments where lubricating oil is a constant challenge.

E-59 in Non-Destructive Testing

In inspection and quality control processes, choosing the correct solvent directly impacts the effectiveness of the tests. E-59 is widely used as part of the surface preparation steps in liquid penetrant testing, ensuring that parts and components are properly cleaned and free of contaminants before the method is applied. This results in greater accuracy in detecting discontinuities.

Applications in Oil Cleaning and Lubrication

Beyond its use in inspection applications, the E-59 is recognized for its high efficiency in removing lubricating oil from engine blocks, mechanical parts, and impregnated surfaces. This versatility makes the product an ally in sectors that deal with high levels of oil contamination, such as engine rebuilding shops, heavy maintenance, and railway industries.

Use in Grinding Shops and the Railway Sector

Engine rebuilding companies use E-59 for the precise cleaning of engines and components, ensuring that the reassembly process occurs under ideal conditions. In the railway sector, especially in locomotive manufacturing companies, the product stands out for its ability to remove oil residue from large and complex parts, where cleanliness is critical for the reliability and durability of the equipment.

Advantages of the E-59

• High performance aliphatic solvent.
• Ideal for surface preparation in non-destructive testing.
• Excellent removal of lubricating oil and grease.
• Widely used in engine rebuilding shops and locomotive companies.
• Versatility: suitable for industrial maintenance, inspection, and heavy-duty cleaning.

E-59 is not just a solvent. It represents a practical and reliable solution for sectors that demand deep cleaning and precision in non-destructive testing. Whether in engines, industrial parts, or large railway systems, its application guarantees efficiency, safety, and reliability in day-to-day maintenance.

Want to learn more about the E-59 and its applications? Talk to our team !

Read also: High-Quality Industrial Inspections Begin with a Clean Surface

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A practical guide for purchasers and supply engineers.

In industry, Non-Destructive Testing (END) is fundamental to ensuring the quality, safety, and conformity of parts and equipment. However, many Requests for Quotations (RFQs) fail because they do not correctly specify what is being requested—whether it is the  contracting of END services  or the  acquisition of supplies and equipment  to perform it.

Below, we present a practical guide to preparing clear and complete RFQs, with real-world examples from Metal-Chek and Supermagna products.

1. Define what you are buying: a service or a supply.

First of all, determine if your RFQ will be for:

• END service  – the supplier performs the test and delivers the technical report.
• Materials/supplies/equipment for END  – your team or service provider will use the purchased products to perform the test.

This distinction avoids confusion and ensures that the specifications are suitable for what you want to buy.

2. Specifying the contracting of the END service

When hiring a service, describe how the test should be conducted and what acceptance criteria will be adopted.

a) Method and technique

Specify the method and technique:

• Example: Liquid penetrant testing, Type I, Method A, Level 2, using  Metal-Chek FP 91
• Example: Dry magnetic particle extraction, white powder, using  Supermagna WD 55

b) Reference standard

Define the applicable standard (ASTM E165, ASTM E709, ASME Section V, AWS D1.1 or internal standards such as Petrobras N-1596/N-1598).

c) Acceptance criteria

Determine codes and levels (e.g., ASME VIII Div.1, EN 1369, Level 2 or 3).

d) Inspector qualifications

Require SNQC/ABENDI or ASNT SNT-TC-1A certification, Level II or III, depending on the method.

e) Implementation conditions

Include requirements such as cleanliness, adequate lighting (lux or µW/cm²), temperature, humidity, and application times.

f) Documentation and traceability

Request reports with photos, sketches, and part identification, ensuring traceability by batch or serial number.

3. Specifying the purchase of materials and equipment for END

When purchasing supplies or equipment, the RFQ (Request for Quotation) should contain technical details of the product.

a) Penetrant Liquids

• Fluorescent: Metal-Chek FP 91 , Type I, Method A, Level 2
• Visible: Metal-Chek VP 30 , Type II, Method A
• Visible: Metal-Chek VP 31 , Type II, Method C

b) Developers

• Dry:  Metal-Chek D72 , form a
• Non-aqueous:  Metal-Chek D70 , form d, e
• Aqueous:  Metal-Chek D76 , form b

c) Removers / Cleaners

• Solvent: Metal-Chek E 59 , Class 2
• Solvent: Metal-Chek R 501 , Class 1

d) Magnetic Particles

• White dry track: Supermagna WD 55
• Yellow dry track: Supermagna YD 404
• Fluorescent wet process: Supermagna LY 2000
• Visible red wet path: Supermagna RW 222
• Visible black wet sample: Supermagna BW 333

e) Equipment

• Yokes:  Supermagna Yoke HMM6

4. Best practices for any END RFQ

• Be specific: avoid generic terms like “LP test” without specifying the method, type, and standard.
• Standardize the descriptions across all requests.
• Approve the technical proposal before the price.
• Include safety and environmental requirements (PPE, proper disposal of products).

Conclusion

A clear specification — whether for contracting END services or acquiring Metal-Chek and Supermagna supplies — ensures that the process is executed with quality, reduces risks, and avoids rework.

Want to learn more?  Read also: How to choose the ideal penetrant type for each application.

Speak to our technical team.

Follow us on Instagram: @metalchek

In penetrant testing, choosing the correct product is crucial for the  sensitivity, reliability, and compatibility of the test. Specifying an inappropriate penetrant can lead to incomplete detection of discontinuities, material damage, or even unnecessary rejections.

This guide will help you understand which factors to consider  and how to select the most suitable penetrant for your application, with real-world examples from the Metal-Chek line.

1. Begin by understanding the classification of penetrants.

Penetrant liquids are classified primarily by  type, removal method, and sensitivity level.

a) Type

• Type I – Fluorescent.
  High sensitivity, inspection under UV light. Ideal for detecting very fine discontinuities.
  Ex.:  Metal-Chek FP 91 , Type I, Method A, Level 2.
• Type II – Visible.
  Indications visible to the naked eye under white light. Simpler and faster, ideal for field inspections.
  Ex.:  Metal-Chek VP 30 , Type II, Method A;  Metal-Chek VP 31 , Type II, Method C.

b) Removal method

• A – Washable with water  (easy removal with water)
• B – Lipophilic post-emulsifiable  (emulsifier applied after the penetrant)
• C – Solvent removable  (removal with cloth and solvent, such as  Metal-Chek E 59  or  Metal-Chek R 501 )
• D – Hydrophilic post-emulsifiable  (water-based emulsifier)

c) Sensitivity level (Type I)

It ranges from Level 1 (low sensitivity) to Level 4 (ultra-high). The more critical the component, the higher the recommended level.

2. Consider the material to be inspected.

• Stainless steels, titanium, and special alloys : require penetrants with low halogen and sulfur content, and compatible developers.
  Ex.:  Metal-Chek FP 91  with contaminant certification according to ASTM E165.
• Carbon steel and ferrous materials : greater flexibility of choice, depending on the acceptance criteria.
• Porous materials : require care to avoid excessive penetration and false readings.

3. Inspection environment and conditions

• Environments with low, controlled lighting : fluorescent (Type I) is preferable.
• Field inspection or areas with restricted UV lighting : opt for visible (Type II).
• Locations without running water : consider method C (removable solvent) for cleaning up excess water.

4. Compliance with standards and criteria

Always align the penetrant and developer with the required standard:

• ASTM E165, ISO 3452, ASME Section V, Petrobras N-1596.
  And include in the RFQ the requirement for a batch certificate and SDS (Safety Data Sheet).

5. Combining penetrant, developer, and remover

For an effective test, choose a compatible set:

• Metal-Chek FP 91  (fluorescent) +  Metal-Chek D70  (non-aqueous developer) +  Metal-Chek E 59  (solvent remover).
• Metal-Chek VP 30  (visible) +  Metal-Chek D72  (dry developer) +  Metal-Chek R 501  (solvent remover).

Conclusion

Choosing the right penetrant is not just a matter of preference — it’s a guarantee of reliable results and compliance with technical standards.
Metal-Chek offers solutions for different sensitivity levels, methods, and types, always accompanied by technical certification and specialized support.

Contact the Metal-Chek technical team.

Follow us on Instagram: @metalchek

Read also:

The Main Methods of Industrial Inspection and How to Choose the Ideal One

How to Choose the Ideal Penetrant Testing Process for Your Application?

Do you know what makes a penetrating liquid effective?

Every effective inspection begins with observation — not just what the eyes see, but what a technical and experienced eye is able to interpret. Visual Inspection (VI) is the initial step in identifying discontinuities , defects, wear, and anomalies that can compromise the integrity and performance of equipment.

More than just a superficial check, VT acts as an initial filter in quality control, directly contributing to cost reduction, risk prevention, and increased operational efficiency.

Furthermore, visual inspection serves as the gateway to more advanced non-destructive testing techniques, such as penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and ultrasound. In other words, when a visual indicator is detected, it’s the right time to deepen the analysis with complementary and more sensitive methods.

Although it seems simple, visual inspection requires much more than just “looking”:

• Technical training
• Knowledge of acceptance criteria
• Adequate lighting
• Support tools and instrumentation
• Evidence documentation

Visual Inspection in the Industry 4.0 Era

Those who think that Visual Inspection (VI) has lost importance with the advancement of automation are mistaken. On the contrary — it has evolved and integrated with new technological resources, expanding its reach, precision, and speed.

Today, VT is an active part of Industry 4.0 and can be combined with state-of-the-art digital solutions:

• Artificial intelligence for image recognition.
• Drones for inspections at heights or in hazardous areas.
• 4K cameras with thermal sensors
• Predictive analytics connected to digital dashboards

Most common applications of visual inspection.

Visual Inspection (VI) is widely used in various industrial sectors as a quick and effective assessment tool. Its main objective is to identify visible irregularities that may compromise the structural integrity, functionality, or safety of components and equipment.

The following table summarizes the main applications and what is sought to be identified in each case:

Equipment and Resources Used in Visual Inspection

Although many visual inspections are done with the naked eye, the use of auxiliary equipment significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of the test. Some resources used include:

 Adequate natural or artificial light: Ensures adequate visibility. Poor lighting can compromise the detection of discontinuities.

Magnifying glasses and magnifying lenses: They amplify small details, allowing the identification of surface cracks, porosity, inclusions, or lack of fusion in welds.

Borescopes and industrial endoscopes: Optical instruments used for inspecting hard-to-reach areas, such as pipes, internal welds of pressure vessels, and aeronautical components.

Rulers, gauges and jigs: Tools for measuring dimensions, weld angles, weld bead profiles and alignments.

High-resolution cameras: They facilitate photographic documentation and historical comparison during periodic inspections.

Digital inspection and recording software: With the advancement of Industry 4.0, integrating visual inspections with digital systems allows for recording occurrences, generating reports, and maintaining traceability in accordance with regulatory requirements.

Tip:
In low-light environments, the use of adequate artificial light is not optional — it’s mandatory.

Best practices in performing visual inspections.

To ensure the effectiveness of visual inspection and the reliability of results, it is essential to adopt well-defined operational practices. Standardizing execution through written procedures and operational checklists helps minimize human error and ensure consistency in assessments. A simplified model is presented below that can be adapted to the needs of each sector:

BEFORE INSPECTION:

• Check that the surface is clean (free of contaminants such as paint, oil, grease, rust, dust, or debris).
• Check the ambient lighting (it should be sufficiently intense and evenly distributed, allowing for an accurate assessment of the surface. It is important to avoid reflections, shadows, or glare, especially on polished materials or those with irregular geometry. In locations with little natural light, the use of adjustable and directional artificial light sources is recommended to ensure good visibility).
• Assess the inspector’s physical and visual condition (e.g., fatigue, use of glasses).
• Assess the need for additional equipment and resources.

DURING THE INSPECTION:

• Observe surface continuity: deformations, cracks, oxidation.
• Check weld beads: profile, spatter, lack of fusion.
• Use magnifying glasses on areas with suspicion or small details.
• Photographing and documenting irregularities
• Assess the need for additional tests (liquid penetrant, magnetic particles, etc.).

AFTER INSPECTION:

• Record keeping and traceability (maintaining a history of inspections, photos, reports, inspection maps, and checklists with acceptance criteria. These records ensure traceability, effective audits, and support decision-making).
• Storing records digitally ensures traceability and facilitates audits.

Integration of Visual Inspection with Other END Methods

Visual Inspection (VI) is the starting point for most Non-Destructive Testing (END). While it can identify various surface flaws, it does not always provide sufficient information for a complete assessment of the component’s integrity. Therefore, it is essential to integrate it with complementary methods, especially when there are visual suspicions that require technical confirmation.

The table below shows how VT connects to the main END methods and the benefits of this combination:

Normative References

Visual inspection is governed by several technical standards that ensure standardized procedures, reliable results, and compliance with legal and industrial requirements. Below, we highlight some applicable technical standards:

• ISO 17637 – Visual Inspection of Welds in Metallic Materials: establishes requirements for performing visual inspection of welds, including acceptance criteria and recommended techniques.
• NBR 14842 – Visual Inspection of Welds: national procedures and requirements that guide the practice of visual inspection of welds.
• ASME Section V, Article 9 – Requirements for Visual Inspection: a standard widely used in the pressure equipment and boiler making industry.
• Petrobras Technical Standards (Examples: N-1596, N-1598, N-2370) – Specific guidelines for visual inspections in the oil and gas sector.

The First Line of Defense for Quality

Visual inspection is much more than just a keen eye—it’s an essential technical barrier against failures that compromise safety, productivity, and regulatory compliance.

Implementing a well-structured visual inspection program is the first step towards operational excellence. Furthermore, when combined with Metal-Chek methods such as Liquid Penetrant, Magnetic Particle, and Leak Detection, visual inspection transforms into an ecosystem of industrial reliability.

Next Steps for Your Company

To strengthen your visual inspection program and increase the reliability of your processes, consider:

✅ Assess the maturity of your visual inspection program.

✅ Empower your team with training based on recognized standards.

✅ Standardize checklists and procedures with specialized technical support.

✅ Invest in quality accessories and equipment to complement the visual stage.

If your company wants to increase process reliability and ensure technical compliance, Metal-Chek is your ideal partner.

Speak with our technical team and discover how we can help transform your inspection routines into competitive advantages. 

Follow us on Instagram: @metalchek

Contact us at: (11) 3515-5287

If you want to guarantee accuracy, compliance, and operational safety in your Non-Destructive Testing (END), equipment calibration is not an optional step—it’s indispensable.
Companies that neglect this practice face serious risks:
❌ Inaccurate reports
❌ Undetected failures
❌ Non-conformities in audits
❌ Operational and reputational damage

➡️ When equipment is out of calibration, reliability disappears — along with operational safety.

What is Calibration and why is it Vital in END?

Calibration is a process of comparing two instruments (the measurand and the measured). This comparison involves calculating error and uncertainty, and these results are presented in a document called a calibration certificate.

• ✅ Relationship between measurement values ​​and uncertainties; 
• ✅ Technical standards are being met;

Standards such as ASME Section V, ASTM E1417, ASTM E1444, ASTM E3024, and ASTM E709 require that your equipment be calibrated for the results to have technical and legal validity.

Why is calibration a key differentiator?

1. Ensures Technical Precision

• False positives → good parts are discarded unnecessarily.
• False negatives → errors go unnoticed.

Both put security at risk, increase costs, and compromise the company’s reputation.

2. Avoid Penalties in Audits

Industries such as oil and gas, aeronautics, rail, and automotive are inflexible regarding non-compliant equipment.
Golden tip: Always demand certificates traceable to the RBC (Brazilian Calibration Network) or recognized international standards.

3. Reduces costs associated with rework.

Investing in calibration is cheaper than correcting errors caused by miscalibrated equipment.

Which equipment needs to be calibrated?

Penetrant Testing (PT)

• Radiometers/Photometers
• Thermometers
• Water pressure gauges
• Compressed air pressure gauges

Magnetic Particle (MP)

• Gaussmeters (Residual)
• Magnetic Field Meters
• Ammeters
• Timers
• Magnetizing equipment (Stationary Machines)
• Settling tubes

When should the equipment be calibrated?

The ideal calibration frequency is determined according to applicable standards.

How to Guarantee Traceability?

Compliance isn’t something you improvise. Follow these practices:

• ✔ Hire laboratories accredited by Inmetro (ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025);
• ✔ Archive and update calibration certificates;
• ✔ Use digital checklists with automatic due date alerts;

[PRACTICAL CHECKLIST] How to Organize Your Calibration Routine

Calibration means Safety, Reliability, and Quality.

In the world of Non-Destructive Testing, calibration is an act of technical responsibility and a commitment to safety.

Metal-Chek offers the best consumables and accessories to ensure your penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and leak detection are accurate, traceable, and reliable.

You may have the best partner laboratory — but if your products are not of high quality, the results will be compromised.

Ready to increase the reliability of your tests?

→ Contact our technical team right now.
We’ll help you select the best Metal-Chek products to make your tests safer and more effective.

Follow us on Instagram: @metalchek

Contact us at: (11) 3515-5287